What does the orthopedic treat? Orthopedics, or orthopedic services, aim at the treatment of the musculoskeletal system. This includes your bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. What is an orthopedic procedure? Orthopedic surgery, or orthopedics, focuses on the treatment of the musculoskeletal system. That includes bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, nerves, and even the skin. There are many different types of orthopedic surgery that can treat anything from a birth defect to an injury to arthritis.